Understanding ADHD: What You Need to Know
May 19, 2023
6 min read
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions of children and adults worldwide. ADHD can impact many aspects of life, including school, work, and relationships. Therefore, understanding ADHD is essential for individuals with the disorder, their families, and their communities.
In this article, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including its root causes, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment, strategies for managing it, and tips on living with it.
Types of ADHD
Although all individuals with ADHD experience these symptoms to some degree, three subtypes of ADHD differ in the specific pattern of symptoms an individual experiences. These subtypes can impact how an individual experiences ADHD and what treatments may be most effective.
Understanding the different types of ADHD can help individuals with ADHD, and their healthcare providers develop a personalized treatment plan.
1. Inattentive Type
The inattentive type of ADHD is characterized by symptoms of inattention but not hyperactivity-impulsivity. Individuals with inattentive ADHD may have difficulty sustaining attention, become easily distracted, and have trouble organizing tasks and activities.
They may also need to be more mindful, appear not to be listening, and may need help completing tasks or following instructions. Individuals with inattentive ADHD may be described as being "spacey," "unmotivated," or "lazy." This type of ADHD is sometimes called attention deficit disorder (ADD).
2. Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
People with the hyperactive-impulsive type of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show signs of being overly active and acting on impulse but don't have issues associated with lack of focus. Individuals with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD may have difficulty sitting still, are constantly moving, and may talk excessively.
They may also act impulsively, without thinking through the consequences of their actions, and may have difficulty waiting their turn. Individuals with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD may be described as being "overly active," "disruptive," or "impulsive."
3. Combined Type
Symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity characterize the combined type of ADHD. Generally, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a diagnosis made in children and involves hyperactive, impulsive, and/or attention issues.
Individuals with combined-type ADHD may experience various symptoms, including difficulty sustaining attention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and distractibility. These symptoms can impact their ability to function in school, work, and social settings.
Diagnosing Types of ADHD
The subtypes of ADHD are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which outlines the criteria for diagnosing ADHD. For example, to receive a diagnosis of the inattentive type of ADHD, an individual must have symptoms of inattention that significantly impact their daily life, but not symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity.
To receive a diagnosis of the hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD, an individual must have symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity that significantly impact their daily life, but not symptoms of inattention. To receive a diagnosis of the combined type of ADHD, an individual must have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that significantly impact their daily life.
Treating Types of ADHD
The type of ADHD, an individual has impacts what treatments may be most effective. Individuals with the inattentive type of ADHD may benefit most from medications targeting attention and cognitive function, such as stimulant or non-stimulant medications.
Behavioral interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or organizational skills training, may also be effective in treating symptoms of inattentive ADHD. Individuals with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD may benefit most from medications targeting impulsivity, such as non-stimulant or antihypertensive medications.
Behavioral interventions that target impulsivity, such as impulse control training, may also be effective. In addition, individuals with combined-type ADHD may benefit from medication and behavioral interventions.
Causes of ADHD
ADHD has multiple causes, including genetic and environmental factors. Research has shown that ADHD is heritable and can be passed down through genes. Environmental factors, such as prenatal exposure to toxins, premature birth, or low birth weight, can also contribute to the development of ADHD. In addition, studies have shown that certain brain regions and functions are different in individuals with ADHD compared to those without the disorder.
Symptoms of ADHD
The two main symptoms of ADHD are inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Inattention symptoms may include difficulty staying focused, making careless mistakes, forgetfulness, and being easily distracted. Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms may include restlessness, fidgeting, interrupting others, and speaking without thinking.
ADHD symptoms can also vary depending on the individual and can be classified into three subtypes: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined. Additionally, ADHD often co-occurs with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression.
Parenting Strategies for Children With ADHD
Parenting a child with ADHD can be an overwhelming undertaking. It is crucial to take into account every child's uniqueness, as there is no uniform solution that always works best. However, the following strategies may help you create an environment in which your child with ADHD can thrive:
- Establish firm but fair rules, provide clear expectations and consequences for their actions, and consistently apply them.
- Utilize positive reinforcement techniques such as allowing rewards for good behavior or providing praise when your child succeeds at something.
- Break tasks into smaller steps that may be easier for your child to manage.
- Ensure your child gets adequate physical activity every day, as this may help reduce symptoms of ADHD.
- Prioritize quality family time together regularly to promote healthy communication, understanding, and connection between parent and child.
- Provide opportunities for independence and responsibility appropriate to your child's age.
- Reach out to other parents of children with ADHD who can relate to your experiences and offer advice or support.
Coping Skills When Living With ADHD
For many people with ADHD, everyday life can be difficult and stressful. To help manage the symptoms of ADHD and reduce daily stress, it is essential to develop coping skills that work for you. Here are some strategies to help you cope:
- Keep a regular daily routine for activities such as sleeping, eating, and working/studying.
- Utilize organizational tools, including calendars or reminders, to help stay on top of tasks and responsibilities.
- Break complex tasks down into smaller steps to make them easier to complete.
- Use relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or mindfulness meditation to help manage stress levels when feeling overwhelmed.
- Establish a good support system of friends, family members, or professionals who can encourage and provide emotional support throughout your day.
- Manage time wisely by focusing on one task at a time and setting realistic and achievable goals, given your available time and energy levels.
- Exercise regularly or find an activity or hobby that helps blow off steam and promotes positive mental health.
Finding Support For Those Living With ADHD
Managing ADHD can be daunting and impacts one's relationships and academic or occupational performance. Building a robust support system around oneself can aid in coping with day-to-day stressors, symptom management, and achieving personal goals.
Here are tips that can help you find the right kind of support:
- Connect with others with ADHD to understand their challenges, milestones, and successes.
- Find supportive family and friends who will accept you as you are and encourage your growth and success.
- Take advantage of online or in-person support groups, which can provide understanding, care, and empathy from people who understand living with the condition.
- Consider joining an ADHD coach or peer mentor program, if available in your area, which can provide specific guidance tailored to your needs.
- If necessary, look for professional assistance from a mental health specialist.
Make a Positive Change With ADHD Today
Living with ADHD may pose unique challenges, but understanding the condition and creating a solid support system can help manage symptoms and achieve goals.
By connecting with others, utilizing support groups and mentors, seeking professional help, and building a network of supportive family and friends, those living with ADHD can gain the strength to live a full life. Make a positive change with ADHD today!
